LFS制作-4、目标系统-3必要程序

Berkeley DB-4.5.20

包含一些程序和工具，供其他的一些程序来在做数据库相关函数时调用
-—————-
patch -Np1 -i ../db-4.5.20-fixes-1.patch
cd build_unix
../dist/configure –prefix=/usr –enable-compat185 –enable-cxx
make
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20 install
chown -Rv root:root /usr/share/doc/db-4.5.20

Sed-4.1.5

sed编辑器
-—————
./configure –prefix=/usr –bindir=/bin –enable-html
make
make install

E2fsprogs-1.40.2

提供用于 ext2 文件系统的工具。它还支持 ext3 日志文件系统

包含命令：chattr、lsattr、mkfs、fsck等
-————–
sed -i -e ‘s@/bin/rm@/tools&@’ lib/blkid/test_probe.in
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure –prefix=/usr –with-root-prefix=”” \
    –enable-elf-shlibs
make
make install
make
make install-libs

Coreutils-6.9

包括一套显示、设置基本系统属性的工具

包含命令：chroot、chown、cp、dd、dir、env、ln、ls、mkdir、mv、rm、seq、tee、touch、tty等

安装位置/usr，移动命令到/bin 、/sbin下
-———————–
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-6.9-uname-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-6.9-suppress_uptime_kill_su-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-6.9-i18n-1.patch
chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin

Iana-Etc-2.20

提供了网络服务和协议的数据

安装文件：/etc/protocols, /etc/services
-———————-
make
make install

M4-1.4.10

宏处理器
-——————–
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Bison-2.3

语法分析程序生成器

命令：bison、yacc
-———————
./configure –prefix=/usr
echo ‘#define YYENABLE_NLS 1’ >> config.h
make
make install

Ncurses-5.6

提供字符终端处理库，包括面板和菜单

命令：clear、reset等
-———————-
patch -Np1 -i ../ncurses-5.6-coverity_fixes-1.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –with-shared –without-debug –enable-widec
make
make install
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libncurses++w.a
mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
for lib in curses ncurses form panel menu ; do \
    rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
    echo “INPUT(-l${lib}w)” >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
    ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \
done
ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a
rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo “INPUT(-lncursesw)” >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a

Procps-3.2.7

用于监视系统进程的程序

命令：free、top、ps、uptime、kill等
-———————
make
make install

Libtool-1.5.24

通用库支持脚本，将使用动态库的复杂性隐藏在统一的、可移植的接口中
-——————–
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Perl-5.8.8

编程语言，各编程语言转换等用处
-—————-
echo “127.0.0.1 localhost leaf” > /etc/hosts
./configure.gnu –prefix=/usr \
    -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
    -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
    -Dpager=”/usr/bin/less -isR”
make
make install

Readline-5.2

提供命令行编辑和历史纪录功能的库集合
-——————–
sed -i ‘/MV.*old/d’ Makefile.in
sed -i ‘/{OLDSUFF}/c:’ support/shlib-install
patch -Np1 -i ../readline-5.2-fixes-3.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –libdir=/lib
make SHLIB_LIBS=-lncurses
make install
mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.5 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.5 /usr/lib/libhistory.so

Zlib-1.2.3

很多程序中的压缩或者解压缩程序都会用到这个库
-——————–
./configure –prefix=/usr –shared –libdir=/lib
make
make install
rm -v /lib/libz.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.1.2.3 /usr/lib/libz.so
make clean
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a

Autoconf-2.61

生成用于自动配置源代码的 shell 脚本

命令：autoconf、autoheader等
-——————-
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Automake-1.10

与 Autoconf 配合使用，产生 Makefile 文件
-——————
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Bash-3.2

bash shell
-———————
tar -xvf ../bash-doc-3.2.tar.gz
sed -i “s|htmldir = @htmldir@|htmldir = /usr/share/doc/bash-3.2|” \
    Makefile.in
patch -Np1 -i ../bash-3.2-fixes-5.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –bindir=/bin \
    –without-bash-malloc –with-installed-readline
make
sed -i ‘s/LANG/LC_ALL/‘ tests/intl.tests
sed -i ‘s@tests@& </dev/tty@’ tests/run-test
chown -Rv nobody ./
su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c “make tests”
make install
exec /bin/bash –login +h

Bzip2-1.0.4

包含了对文件进行压缩和解压缩的工具
-———————
patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.4-install_docs-1.patch
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat

Diffutils-2.8.1

显示两个文件或目录的差异

命令：cmp、diff
-———————–
patch -Np1 -i ../diffutils-2.8.1-i18n-1.patch
touch man/diff.1
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

File-4.21

用来判断文件类型的工具

命令：file
-————————
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Findutils-4.2.31

查找文件的工具

命令：find、updatedb、locate、xargs
-———————-
./configure –prefix=/usr –libexecdir=/usr/lib/findutils \
    –localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
sed -i -e ‘s/find:=${BINDIR}/find:=\/bin/‘ /usr/bin/updatedb

Flex-2.5.33

能生成识别文本模式的程序的工具
-——————-
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install
ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a

cat > /usr/bin/lex << “EOF”
#!/bin/sh
# Begin /usr/bin/lex

exec /usr/bin/flex -l “$@”

# End /usr/bin/lex
EOF

chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex

GRUB-0.97

包含 GRand 统一引导装载程序
-—————-
patch -Np1 -i ../grub-0.97-disk_geometry-1.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install
mkdir -v /boot/grub
cp -v /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/stage{1,2} /boot/grub

Gawk-3.1.5

包含用于管理文本文件的程序

命令：awk等
-——————–
patch -Np1 -i ../gawk-3.1.5-segfault_fix-1.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –libexecdir=/usr/lib

cat >> config.h << “EOF”
#define HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET 1
#define HAVE_LC_MESSAGES 1
EOF

make
make install

Gettext-0.16.1

系统的国际化和本地化
-—————
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Grep-2.5.1a

搜索文件中符合指定匹配模式的行

命令：grep
-————–
patch -Np1 -i ../grep-2.5.1a-redhat_fixes-2.patch
chmod +x tests/fmbtest.sh
./configure –prefix=/usr –bindir=/bin
make
make install

Groff-1.18.1.4

包含几个处理和格式化文本的程序
-—————-
patch -Np1 -i ../groff-1.18.1.4-debian_fixes-1.patch
sed -i -e ‘s/2010/002D/‘ -e ‘s/2212/002D/‘ \
    -e ‘s/2018/0060/‘ -e ‘s/2019/0027/‘ font/devutf8/R.proto
PAGE=A4 ./configure –prefix=/usr –enable-multibyte
make
make install
ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl

Gzip-1.3.12

压缩和解压文件的程序
-——————-
./configure –prefix=/usr –bindir=/bin
make
make install
mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin
mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin

Inetutils-1.5

包含基本的网络程序

配置文件:/etc

命令：ping、ftp、telnet等
-——————-
patch -Np1 -i ../inetutils-1.5-no_server_man_pages-2.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –libexecdir=/usr/sbin \
    –sysconfdir=/etc –localstatedir=/var \
    –disable-ifconfig –disable-logger –disable-syslogd \
    –disable-whois –disable-servers
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin

IPRoute2-2.6.20-070313

基本的和高级的基于 IPv4 网络的程序

命令：ip、arpd守护程序、
-—————-
sed -i -e ‘/tc-bfifo.8/d’ -e ‘/tc-pfifo.8/s/pbfifo/bfifo/‘ Makefile
make SBINDIR=/sbin
make SBINDIR=/sbin install
mv -v /sbin/arpd /usr/sbin

Kbd-1.12

键盘映射表和键盘工具
-——————-
patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-1.12-backspace-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-1.12-gcc4_fixes-1.patch
./configure –datadir=/lib/kbd
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{kbd_mode,openvt,setfont} /bin

Less-406

一个文本文件查看器

命令：less
-———————
./configure –prefix=/usr –sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install

Make-3.81

自动地确定一个大型程序的哪些片段需要重新编译，并且发出命令去重新编译它们

应该和autoconf和automake有关系
-——————–
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Man-DB-2.4.4

查找和显示 man 手册页的程序

命令：man等

-———————
sed -i -e ‘\%\t/usr/man%d’ -e ‘\%\t/usr/local/man%d’ src/man_db.conf.in

cat >> include/manconfig.h.in << “EOF”

#define WEB_BROWSER “exec /usr/bin/lynx”

#define COL “/usr/bin/col”

#define VGRIND “/usr/bin/vgrind”

#define GRAP “/usr/bin/grap”

EOF

patch -Np1 -i ../man-db-2.4.4-fixes-1.patch

./configure –prefix=/usr –enable-mb-groff –disable-setuid

make && make install

Mktemp-1.5

包含用于在 shell 脚本中创建安全临时文件的程序
-——————–
patch -Np1 -i ../mktemp-1.5-add_tempfile-3.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr –with-libc
make
make install
make install-tempfile

Module-Init-Tools-3.2.2

处理 2.5.47 及以上版本的内核模块时使用的工具

命令：modprobe、insmod、depmod、lsmod

安装位置:/sbin
-——————
patch -Np1 -i ../module-init-tools-3.2.2-modprobe-1.patch
./configure
make check
make distclean
./configure –prefix=/ –enable-zlib
make
make INSTALL=install install

Patch-2.5.4

补丁命令，一般和diff一起用

命令：patch
-—————-
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install

Psmisc-22.5

用于显示进程信息的程序

命令：pstree、killall
-—————–
./configure –prefix=/usr –exec-prefix=””
make
make install
mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin
ln -sv killall /bin/pidof

Shadow-4.0.18.1

用于在安全方式下处理密码的程序

配置文件/etc

库文件:/usr/lib、/lib

命令位置:/bin、/usr/bin

命令：su、passwd、login、useradd、userdel、chsh

-—————–
patch -Np1 -i ../shadow-4.0.18.1-useradd_fix-2.patch

./configure –libdir=/lib –sysconfdir=/etc –enable-shared \

    –without-selinux

sed -i ‘s/groups$(EXEEXT) //‘ src/Makefile

find man -name Makefile -exec sed -i ‘s/groups\.1 / /‘ {} \;

sed -i -e ‘s@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@’ \

    -e ‘s@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@’ etc/login.defs

make

make install

mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin

mv -v /lib/libshadow.*a /usr/lib

rm -v /lib/libshadow.so

ln -sfv ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so

pwconv

grpconv

useradd -D -b /home

sed -i ‘s/yes/no/‘ /etc/default/useradd

passwd root   #一定要设置root密码

Sysklogd-1.4.1

记录系统日志信息的程序

命令：klogd守护程序、syslogd
-—————-
patch -Np1 -i ../sysklogd-1.4.1-fixes-2.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../sysklogd-1.4.1-8bit-1.patch
make
make install

cat > /etc/syslog.conf << “EOF”
# Begin /etc/syslog.conf

auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
*.emerg *

# End /etc/syslog.conf
EOF

Sysvinit-2.86

一些控制系统启动、运行、关闭的程序

配置文件：/etc/inittab

命令：shutdown、init、reboot等
-——————
sed -i ‘s@Sending processes@& configured via /etc/inittab@g’ \
    src/init.c
make -C src
make -C src install

cat > /etc/inittab << “EOF”
# Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab

EOF

Tar-1.18

一个归档程序
-————-
./configure –prefix=/usr –bindir=/bin –libexecdir=/usr/sbin
make
make install

Texinfo-4.9

读取、写入、转换 Info 文档的程序

命令：info等
-—————
patch -Np1 -i ../texinfo-4.9-multibyte-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../texinfo-4.9-tempfile_fix-1.patch
./configure –prefix=/usr
make
make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
cd /usr/share/info
rm dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
done

Udev-113

包含动态地创建设备节点的程序

命令：udevinfo等
-—————–
tar -xvf ../udev-config-6.3.tar.bz2
install -dv /lib/{firmware,udev/devices/{pts,shm}}
mknod -m0666 /lib/udev/devices/null c 1 3
ln -sv /proc/self/fd /lib/udev/devices/fd
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /lib/udev/devices/stdin
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /lib/udev/devices/stdout
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /lib/udev/devices/stderr
ln -sv /proc/kcore /lib/udev/devices/core
make EXTRAS=”`echo extras/*/`“
make DESTDIR=/ EXTRAS=”`echo extras/*/`“ install
cp -v etc/udev/rules.d/[0-9]* /etc/udev/rules.d/
cd udev-config-6.3
make install
make install-doc
make install-extra-doc
cd ..
install -m644 -v docs/writing_udev_rules/index.html \
    /usr/share/doc/udev-113/index.html

Util-linux-2.12r

包含许多工具。其中比较重要的是加载、卸载、格式化、分区和管理硬盘驱动器，打开 tty 端口和得到内核消息

命令位置：/usr/bin

命令：mount、whereis、cfdisk、
-—————
sed -e ‘s@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g’ \
    -i $(grep -rl ‘/etc/adjtime’ .)
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
patch -Np1 -i ../util-linux-2.12r-cramfs-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../util-linux-2.12r-lseek-1.patch
./configure
make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes
make HAVE_KILL=yes HAVE_SLN=yes install

Vim-7.1 

强大的文本编辑器
-————-
patch -Np1 -i ../vim-7.1-fixes-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../vim-7.1-mandir-1.patch
echo ‘#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE “/etc/vimrc”‘ >> src/feature.h
./configure –prefix=/usr –enable-multibyte
make
make install
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
for L in “” fr it pl ru; do
    ln -sv vim.1 /usr/share/man/$L/man1/vi.1
done
ln -sv ../vim/vim71/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.1

cat > /etc/vimrc << “EOF”
“ Begin /etc/vimrc

set nocompatible
set backspace=2
syntax on
if (&term == “iterm”) || (&term == “putty”)
  set background=dark
endif

“ End /etc/vimrc
EOF

2、清理

logout

mv $LFS/tools $LFS/root

mv $LFS/sources $LFS/root

mv $LFS/build $LFS/root